Category: Philippians

Dead in Trespasses and Sins

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Ephesians 2:1-3 And you has he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins; Wherein in time past you walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now works in the children of disobedience: Among whom also we all had our conversation in times past in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others. 

‘Dead in trespasses and sins.’ There are seven dead things in Scripture: Dead, living people (2:1, 5; Matt. 8:22; 2Cor. 5:14; Col. 2:13; 1Tim. 5:6). Living, dead people (Rom. 6:2, 7-14; Col. 2:20; 3:3; 2Tim. 2:11); Dead, living bodies (Rom. 8:10). Dead bodies (Jas. 2:26; John 5:28-29). Dead works (Heb. 6:1; 9:14). Dead faith (Jas. 2:17, 20, 26). Dead sin (Rom. 7:8).

‘Trespasses’ [Greek: paraptoma] a falling aside when one should have stood upright; any deviation from the rule of duty or moral equity, as well as any flagrant offence or trespass.

‘Sins’ [Greek: harmartia] a failure to hit the mark; always in a moral sense; a sin of thought, word, or deed.

‘You walked according to the course of this world.’ Fivefold state of sinners: They walk according to the world system (2:2). The word “course” refers to the evils that run like a stream through the whole world. According to the will of satan (2:2). In the lusts of the flesh (2:3; Gal. 5:19-21; Col. 3:5-10; Rom. 1:19-32). In the lusts of the mind or spirit (2:3; 2Cor. 7:1; 1Jn. 2:15-17). By nature as children of wrath (2:3; Ps. 51:5; John 8:44; Rom. 5:12-21).

‘World’ [Greek: kosmos] world system. Translated “world” 186 times, referring to various activities of the world as organized and run by satan and man.

‘The prince of the power of the air.’ This is in reality the old man of Scripture that works in the children of disobedience (Rom. 6:6; John 8:44; 1Jn. 3:8; 5:18). Satan is the prince [Greek: archon] or ruler of the air because in this realm the evil spirits dwell, all of whom are under his dominion (2:2; 3:10; 6:11-12; Col. 2:10; 1Pet. 3:22; Rev. 12:1-17).

‘Spirit that now works’ – When one gets rid of this spirit, he no longer has the old man in him or dominates him (2:2; 4:27; 6:10-18; 1Jn. 3:8-10; 5:18; Jas. 4:7; 1Pet. 5:8-9). It only works in the children of disobedience (2Cor. 5:17-18; 1Jn. 3:8-10; 5:18; Rom. 6:14-23).

‘Children of disobedience’ – A Hebraism for people consecrated to satan and disobedience (John 17:12). The wicked one is their father (Matt. 13:38; John 8:44; 1Jn. 3:8-10; 5:18).

‘Conversation in times past’ – Manner of life (2Cor. 1:12).

‘Lusts of our flesh’ – They are listed in Galatians 5:19-21 as: Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies, envying, murders, drunkenness, revelling and such like.

‘Nature the children of wrath’ – Men are sinners by nature, being born in sin (Rom. 2:14; 5:12-21; Jas. 3:6; Ps. 51:5).

Above All

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Ephesians 1:21-23 Far above all principality, and power, and might, and dominion, and every name that is named, not only in this world, but also in that which is to come: And has put all things under his feet, and gave him to be the head over all things to the church, Which is his body, the fulness of him that fills all in all. 

‘This world, but also in that which is to come.’ This is the 3rd New Testament prophecy in Ephesians (1:21). This age and the ones to come (2:7; Matt. 12:31-32; Rev. 20:1-22:5). This age refers to the period between the first and second comings (Matt. 24:14, 29-31; Rev. 19:11-21). The age to come refers to the Millennium following the second coming (1:10; Rev. 19:11-20:15; Zech. 14:1-21; Dan. 2:44-45; 7:13-27).

‘Head over all things to the church’ – The headship of Christ: All principality (1:21; Col. 2:10); all power (1:21; Col. 2:10); all might (1:21); dominion (1:21; Col. 1:16-18); every name (1:21; Php. 2:9; Heb. 1:4); this world (1:21); the world to come (1:21); all things (1:22; Heb_2:8-9); the Christian congregation (1:22-23; 4:15; 5:23-31; Col. 1:18, 24; 2:19); every person (1Cor. 11:3); of the corner (Matt. 21:42; Luke 20:17; Acts 4:11; 1Pet. 2:7); the people (Isa. 55:4); overall (Rom. 9:5; Col. 3:11); His own house (Heb. 3:6).

‘Which is his body’ Christian congregations and the body of Christ are the same (1:22-23; Col. 1:18, 24).

‘The fulness of him that fills all in all.’ The many members make the head complete, make up the body of Christ (1Cor. 12:12-13, 27), and He in turn fills all with His fullness (1:23; 3:16-21; John 1:16).

The Exceeding Greatness of His Power

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Ephesians 1:19-20 And what is the exceeding greatness of his power to us-ward who believe, according to the working of his mighty power, Which he wrought in Christ, when he raised him from the dead, and set him at his own right hand in the heavenly places

‘To us-ward who believe, according to the working of his mighty power.’ Again, and again the apostle emphasizes the doctrine of power for believers, not unbelievers (3:16-21; 6:10-18; 1Cor. 1:7; 4:18-20; 12:1-11).

‘Wrought in Christ, when he raised him from the dead, and set him at his own right hand in the heavenly places.’ Six things that God did for Christ: He raised Him from the dead (1:20; John 21:14; 1Cor. 15:1-23). He exalted Him at His own right hand (1:20; Ps. 110:1, 5; Matt. 26:64; Mark 16:19; Acts 2:33-34; 7:55-56; Rom. 8:34; Php. 2:9-11; Col. 3:1; Heb. 1:3, 13; 10:12; 12:2; 1Pet. 3:22). He gave Him authority over all powers, good and evil, under Himself (1:21; 3:10; 6:12; Rom. 8:38; Php. 2:9-11; Col. 1:15-18; 2:10-17; 1Pet. 3:22; Rev. 1:1, 7, 18; 11:15; 19:11 – 20:10). He gave Him a name above every name except God the Father (1:21; 1Cor. 11:3; Php. 2:9-11; Heb. 1:4). He put all things under His feet (1:22; Col. 1:16-18; 2:10-17; Heb. 2:5-18; 1Cor. 15:24-28). He gave Him headship of the Christian congregations (1:22; Col. 1:18, 24; 2Cor. 11:3).

The Spirit of Wisdom and Revelation

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Ephesians 1:17-18 That the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give unto you the spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him: The eyes of your understanding being enlightened; that ye may know what is the hope of his calling, and what the riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints

‘That the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give unto you the spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him.’ Twelve things that Paul prayed for the Ephesians: The spirit of wisdom (1:17). The spirit of revelation (1:17). Full enlightenment of truth (1:18). The hope of His calling (1:18; cp. 3:16). The riches of the glory of His inheritance in the saints (1: 7; 18). The exceeding greatness of His power to those who believe (1:19; 3:19-20). Spiritual power in the inner man (3:16). Indwelling Christ (3:16; Luke 22:3). To be rooted in love (3:17). Spiritual understanding (3:18). To know the love of Christ (3:19). To be filled with all the fullness of God (3:19).

‘God of our Lord Jesus Christ’ – He is the God of Jesus Christ as well as His Father (1:17; John 3:16; 20:17; 1Cor. 11:3), proving two separate Persons, not one (1Jn. 5:7).

‘The Father of glory’ – The author and giver of glory to all saints.

‘Spirit of wisdom and revelation’ – They already had the Spirit of sonship – the earnest of the Holy Spirit (1:13-14). Now he prays that they might receive the fullness of the Spirit of which they had only a measure (3:16-21; John 3:34).

‘Eyes of your understanding being enlightened’ – The faculty of receiving knowledge – the spirit of man (1Cor. 2:11). What the eye is to the body, the spirit is to the inner man. Some manuscripts read, “the eyes of your heart.” It is through these eyes that we get to know: The hope of His calling (1:18). The riches of the glory (1:18). The greatness of His power (1:19).

The Word of Truth

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Ephesians 1:14-16 Which is the earnest of our inheritance until the redemption of the purchased possession, unto the praise of his glory. Wherefore I also, after I heard of your faith in the Lord Jesus, and love unto all the saints, Cease not to give thanks for you, making mention of you in my prayers 

‘Earnest’ [Greek: arrhabon] earnest-money; pledge; or first-payment (1:14; 2Cor. 1:22; 5:5). The Holy Spirit is the Spirit of adoption. Sonship through this phase of the Spirit in the life of a believer is the first payment or first-measure of the Spirit and our inheritance until the fullness of the Spirit is received and the fullness of redemption is complete (Rom. 8:17-24; 2Cor. 5:1-10; 1Pet. 1:4-13).

‘Purchased possession, unto the praise of his glory.’ This is the 2nd New Testament prophecy in Ephesians (1:14, unfulfilled). [Greek: peripoiesis] keeping safe; gaining possession). It means the full completion of redemption. It is used of obtaining: Final glory (2Thess. 2:14); final salvation (1Thess. 5:9); final inheritance (1:14); final saving of the soul (Heb. 10:39); final purchased people (peculiar [Greek: peripoiesis] purchased, not peculiar as in dress, speech, or manner of life).

‘After I heard of your faith in the Lord Jesus, and love unto all the saints.’ Two things Paul heard about the Ephesians: Their faith in Christ and their love for all saints. This proves genuine conversion (John 13:35).

‘Cease not to give thanks for you, making mention of you in my prayers.’ Two things that Paul did for the Ephesians: He gave unceasing thanks for them. He prayed unceasingly for them.

‘Give thanks’ [Greek: eucharisteo] give thanks. Used 23 times in Paul’s epistles and only 14 times in the rest of the New Testament.

We Have Obtained

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Ephesians 1:11-13 In whom also we have obtained an inheritance, being predestinated according to the purpose of him who works all things after the counsel of his own will: That we should be to the praise of his glory, who first trusted in Christ. In whom you also trusted, after that you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation: in whom also after that you believed, you were sealed with that holy Spirit of promise

‘Also we have obtained an inheritance’ – We also have obtained an inheritance along with all the other blessings of Ephesians 1:3-9. We now possess it in Christ by promise but it will not be ours in reality until the end of life of sowing to the Spirit (1:14, 18; 5:5; Matt. 5:5; 19:29; 25:34; 1Cor. 6:9-10; 15:50; Gal. 5:21; Col. 1:12; 3:24; Heb. 6:12; 9:15; 1Pet. 1:4; Rev. 21:7). We only get the earnest or first fruit of it now by the Spirit (1:13-14).

‘The purpose’ This purpose is stated in Ephesians 1:3-5, 12; 2:7, 10; 3:6, 10-11.

‘All things after the counsel of his own will.’ While all things are working, God’s providence is working on behalf of those who love God and who walk obediently according to His purpose.

‘We should be to the praise of his glory, who first trusted in Christ.’ Paul refers here to the early Christians who were the first to put our hope in Christ. ‘Mystery of his will’ – This mystery is that the Gentiles should be partakers of Christ with the Jews without circumcision and observance of the Mosaic rites and ceremonies (3:1-6).

‘Also trusted, after that ye heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation.’ You also trusted in Christ when you heard the gospel (1:12-13).

‘After … believed’ Greek: having believed, or on believing, you were sealed with the Holy Spirit which was promised. All blessings, even the Spirit baptism, come through redemption and atonement (Gal. 3:13-14). How could God give to fallen, rebellious men on any other basis? This confirms beyond doubt the fact of healing in the atonement as well as all the other phases of redemption from the fall. If all results of the curse are removed by the atonement, then this certainly includes healing of sickness, which is one of the major effects of the fall. In this connection, there are specific scriptures that state that by His stripes we were and are healed (Isa. 53:4-5; Matt. 8:17; 1Pet. 2:24). Thus, healing of the body is mentioned in particular as a blessing from the sufferings of Christ. Being wounded for our transgressions and striped for our healing are stated in the same verses (Isa. 53:5; 1Pet. 2:24).

‘Sealed with that holy Spirit of promise’ – Sealed: For security (Matt. 27:66; Rev. 20:3); to hide, as the contents of a letter (Rev. 10:4; 22:10; cp. Deut. 32:34); to confirm or approve by testimony (John 3:33; 6:27; Rom. 15:28); to confirm ownership (1:13; 4:30; 2Cor. 1:22; Rev. 7:3-8). The Holy Spirit of adoption is given to everyone who repents (1:13; 4:30; Rom. 8:9, 14-16; 2Cor. 1:22) and he who has this Spirit has God’s seal that he belongs to the heavenly family.

According to His Good Pleasure

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Ephesians 1:9-10 Having made known unto us the mystery of his will, according to his good pleasure which he has purposed in himself: That in the dispensation of the fulness of times he might gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven, and which are on earth; even in him

‘That in the dispensation of the fulness of times he might gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven, and which are on earth; even in him.’ This is the 1st New Testament prophecy in Ephesians (1:10, unfulfilled). This will be fulfilled in the Millennium when all enemies will be put down and all creation will be united in one – as it was before Lucifer’s and Adam’s rebellion (1Cor. 15:24-28; Rev. 20:1-15; 21:1-22:5).

‘Dispensation’ [Greek: oikonomia] stewardship (Luke 16:2-4) and dispensation (1:10; 3:2; 1Cor. 9:17; Col. 1:25; 1Tim. 1:4). Five dispensations are named in Scripture: Dispensation or administration of the unjust steward (Luke 16:1-9). Dispensation of the gospel (1Cor. 9:17), which is Paul’s administration of the gospel of grace. The dispensation of the grace of God (3:2); the same as pt. 2. The dispensation of God (Col. 1:25), God’s own administration of grace given to Paul; the same as pt. 2. The dispensation of the fullness of times, in which God gathers together all things in heaven and the earth in Christ ridding the earth of all rebellion (1:10; 1Cor. 15:24-28; Rev. 20:1-15).

There are seven dispensations of man: Besides the dispensation of angels (Gen. 1:1; Isa. 14:12-14; Ezek. 28:11-17) and the eternal dispensation of the redeemed and faithful angels (Rev. 21-22; Isa. 66:22-24; 2Pet. 3:13), there are seven dispensations of man between the restoration of the earth from chaos (Genesis 1:3 – 2:25) and the New Heavens and the New Earth: Dispensation of Innocence (Gen. 3:1-24); Dispensation of Conscience (Genesis 4-8); Dispensation of Human Government (Genesis 9-11); Dispensation of Promise (Genesis 12:1-Exodus 12:36); Dispensation of Law (Exodus 12:37-Matthew 3); Dispensation of Grace (Matthew 3:1-Rev. 19-21); Dispensation of Divine Government of Millennium (Rev. 20:1-15).

‘Fulness of times’ – This refers to the completion of probationary times on the earth. Christ will come to reign in the seventh and last dispensation (or probationary period) of man on earth to rid the earth of all rebellion and restore God’s administration over this rebellious part of His kingdom, as before rebellion started (1Cor. 15:24-28).

Praise of the Glory of His Grace

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Ephesians 1:6-8 To the praise of the glory of his grace, wherein he has made us accepted in the beloved. In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace; Wherein he has abounded toward us in all wisdom and prudence 

‘Has made us accepted’ – Has brought us into grace and made us objects of it in Christ.

‘In the beloved’ God claims Jesus as His own Son (cp. Matt. 3:17; 17:5; Luke 3:22;  John 12:28; Heb. 1:1-4; 2Pet. 1:17).

‘Redemption through his blood’ – This is the price God paid to manifest His grace and adopt us as sons (Rom. 3:24-25; 8:23; 1Cor. 1:30; Col. 1:14; Heb. 12:15; Rev. 5:9-10).

‘Riches of his grace’ – True riches: Riches of His grace (1:7). Riches of the glory of the inheritance in the saints (1:18). Unsearchable riches of Christ (3:8). Riches of glory (3:16; Rom. 9:23). Riches of His goodness (Rom. 2:4). Riches of wisdom, knowledge (Rom. 11:33). Riches in glory (Php. 4:19). Riches of the glory of the mystery of Christ in you (Col. 1:27). Riches of the full assurance of understanding of God’s mystery (Col. 2:2). Reproach of Christ greater riches than in Egypt (Heb. 11:26).

‘All wisdom’ – Wisdom is that which enables men to judge what are the best goals and the best means of attaining them. Prudence is practical wisdom applied in the best time and manner to secure the best results.

‘Prudence’ [Greek: phronesis] practical wisdom (Luke 1:17).

We Should Be Holy and Without Blame

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Ephesians 1:4-5 According as he has chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love: Having predestinated us unto the adoption of children by Jesus Christ to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will

‘Chosen’ [Greek: eklegomai] choose (1:4; Mark 13:20; Luke 6:13; 10:42; 19:7; John 6:70; 13:18; 15:16, 19; Acts 1:2, 24; 6:5; 13:17; 15:22, 15:25; 1Cor. 1:27-28; Jas. 2:5) and make choice (Acts 15:7).

‘Foundation of the world’ – Overthrow of the world that Lucifer ruled before Adam. Foundation [Greek: katabole] to cast or throw down. Katabole should have been translated “overthrow” or “casting down of the world” in Matthew 13:35; 25:34; Luke 11:50; John 17:24; Ephesians 1:4; Hebrews 4:3; 9:26; 11:10; 1Peter 1:20 and Revelation 13:8; 17:8. Except for Hebrews 11:10, katabole is used with kosmos, social world, and refers to the overthrow of the pre-Adamite world by the flood of Genesis 1:2; 2Peter 3:5-7; Psalm 104:5-9; Jeremiah 4:23-26 and the defeat of Lucifer and his earthly kingdom before Adam (Isa. 14:12-14; Ezek. 28:11-17; Luke 10:18).

‘That we should be holy’ – God’s choice: This is what God chose before the overthrow of Lucifer’s world – that all of the new race of Adam who accepts Jesus Christ should be holy and without blame before Him in love. It is this plan that is chosen for all believers, not the individual conformity of any one person to that plan. The final choice is left up to the individual, not God. All are called and chosen to become holy before God in love if they want to accept this plan and choice of God, but only those who meet the conditions will be so blessed (John 3:16-20; Mark 16:15-16; 1Tim. 2:4; 2Pet. 3:9; Rev. 22:17). This is the true meaning of election and predestination wherever found in Scripture (1:5; Rom. 8:29, note). In other words, the plan is predestined and foreknown, not the individual conformity to the plan.

‘Without blame’ [Greek: amomos] (1:4; 5:27; Col. 1:22; Heb. 9:14; 1Pet. 1:19; Jude 1:24; Rev. 14:5).

‘Predestinated’ [Greek: proorizo] foreordained. Here God has predestined all children of God to be adopted into His family, but who becomes a child of God is left up to each individual (John 3:15-20; Rev. 22:17; cp. 1Tim. 2:4; 2Pet. 3:9).

‘Adoption’ [Greek: huiothesia] adoption (1:5; Rom. 8:15, 23; 9:4; Gal. 4:5). God has adopted us by Jesus Christ to Himself, according to His pleasure and will, to the praise and glory of His grace, and has made us accepted in Christ (1:5-6).

Blessed Be

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Ephesians 1:3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ

‘Blessed’ [Greek: eulogetos] from the verb eulogeo, translated “bless” 40 times and “praise” once (Luke 1:64).

‘The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ’ – He is the God of Jesus Christ as well as His Father (1:17; John 3:16; 20:17; 1Cor. 11:3), proving two separate Persons, not one (1Jn. 5:7).

‘Blessed us’ – Nine things that God has done for us: He has blessed us (1:3). He has chosen us (1:4). He has predestined us (1:5, 11). He has made us accepted (1:6). He has redeemed us (1:7). He has abounded toward us (1:8). He has made known unto us (1:9). He has given us an inheritance (1:11, 14). He has sealed us (1:13).

‘All spiritual blessings’ – All promises and blessings in Christ are still for believers today (1:3; 2Cor. 1:20; Ps. 34:9-10; 84:11; Matt. 21:22; Mark 11:22-24; John 14:12-15; 15:7, 16).

‘Spiritual blessings’ – These blessings are the pure doctrines of the gospel and the full graces and gifts of the Spirit which are necessary for the work of God among human beings (1Cor. 12:1-11; Gal. 5:21).

‘Blessings’ [Greek: eulogia] translated “blessing” 11 times (1:3; Rom. 15:29; 1Cor. 10:16; Gal. 3:14; Heb. 6:7; 12:17; Jas. 3:10; 1Pet. 3:9; Rev. 5:12-13; 7:12); “fair speeches” (Rom. 16:18); “bounty” (2Cor. 9:5); and “bountifully” (2Cor. 9:6).

‘Heavenly’ [Greek: epouranios] that which pertains to heaven. Translated “heaven” (Php. 2:10); “heavenly” (1:3, 20; 2:6; 3:10; Matt. 18:35; John 3:12; 1Cor. 15:48-49; 2Tim. 4:18; Heb. 3:1; 6:4; 8:5; 9:23; 11:16; 12:22); “high places” (6:12); and “celestial” (1Cor. 15:40).