Proverbs 4:1 Hear, you children, the instruction of a father, and attend to know understanding. 

‘The instruction of a father.’ The specific father referred to here was David – a godly man. He was the author of many psalms as well as co-author of 1 & 2 Samuel and a harpist and singer of Israel (2Sam. 23:1). The Lord saw in him a man after His own heart in his love for God and in repenting when corrected (1Sam. 13:14; 16:7). He became a mighty man of valour (1Sam. 16:18). David was a type of Christ who was to be a priest-king (Zech. 6:12-13). He had the true qualities of a king (1Chr. 11:1-3; 2Sam. 5:1-5) and was always the standard by which other kings were judged (1Kin. 3:14; 11:6, 33, 38; 14:8; 15:3, 6; 2Kin. 16:2; 18:3; 22:2; 2Chr. 7:17; 28:1; 29:2; 34:2). When he sinned, he was dealt with accordingly, he was faultless where idolatry was concerned. He was practically blameless, except in the matter of Uriah the Hittite and numbering Israel (2Samuel 11-12; 24:1-25).

‘Attend to know understanding.’ Pay attention to understand what you are instructed in. People can pay attention to all kinds of social media, literature or conversations, but when their lives depend on it, they cannot seem to want to make the same effort. We can understand God’s Word when we read it frequently, every day (Jos. 1:8), not for controversy, but for profit (Pro. 3:1-35; 2Tim. 3:16-17) and meditatively (Ps. 1:3) and through, and over and over again (Matt. 5:18). We must learn to love it (Ps. 119:97-104), and read it with the consciousness of need (Matt. 5:6; John 7:37-39; 2Pet. 1:1-10; 3:18), in faith (Rom. 10:17; Heb. 11:6), in obedience (Rom. 1:5; 16:26), searchingly (John 5:39) and have an openness to all of it (2Tim. 3:16-17; Heb. 4:12; Jude 1:3). To understand it we must compare scripture with scripture (2Cor. 2:13) and read in the Spirit (John 14:16-17; 15:26; Gal. 5:16, 26). The Holy Spirit is the one who will remind us of every Word of Christ (John 14:26; 15:26; 16:7-11) and as we read and study it, He can make us understand and interpret it (2Pet. 1:21).

Proverbs 4:1 Hear, you children, the instruction of a father, and attend to know understanding. 

‘Hear’ – the command to listen and obey the words given in Proverbs – the same command is given in Matthew 11:15; 13:9, 43; Mark 4:9, 23: 7:16; Luke 8:8; 14:35 and Revelation 2:2, 11, 17; 3:6, 13, 22; 13:9.

‘You children’ – To be a child of God and have the authority to call Him Father, one must be born again of the Holy Spirit and be adopted into His family (John 3:3-5; Rom. 8:14-16). Sinners are not children of God. Ephesians 5:1 declares that we should be followers of God, as dear children; thus were followers called children. The Greek word mimetes means imitators; to mimic the gait, speech, accent, and manner of life of another. It means here to imitate God as children do their parents – imitate His acts, words, nature, ways, graces, and Spirit. We are called to be followers of that which is good (1Pet. 3:13), followers of God (Eph. 5:1) and to follow Christ’s example (1Pet. 2:21), but those who do not choose or stand in rebellion against God become followers of satan (1Tim. 5:15).

In Scripture, we have plenty of examples where children refer to followers: children of the Highest (Luk. 6:35); children of God (Luk. 20:36; Rom. 8:21; 1Jn. 3:10, 5:2); children of light and the day (Eph. 5:8-9; Col. 1:12; 1Thess. 5:4-5); and children of the resurrection (Luk 20:36).

In contrast to good, we have the rebels who are the followers of evil called the children of wrath (John 8:44; Rom. 5:12-21; Eph. 2:3; 5:6; Ps. 51:5); children of disobedience (John 8:44; Eph. 2:2; 4:22-24; 5:6; Col. 3:6, 9; 1Jn. 3:8; 5:18); children of the wicked one and the devil (Matt. 13:38; Acts 13:10; 1Jn. 3:10); and children of pride (Job 41:34).

Hebrews and Greeks called anyone who had a particular destiny, quality, or trait, the child of that thing, as “children of the kingdom” (Matt. 8:12; 13:38); “of the bridechamber” (Matt. 9:15); “of hell” (Matt. 23:15); “of wrath” (Eph. 2:3); “of wisdom” (Matt. 11:19; Luke 7:35); etc.